Greek Indicative Mood Practice

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α = A	ζ = Z	λ = L	π = P	υ = U
β = B	η = H	μ = M	ρ = R	φ = F
γ = G	θ = Q	ν = N	σ = S	χ = C
δ = D	ι = I	ξ = X	ς = J	ψ = Y
ε = E	κ = K	ο = O	τ = T	ω = W

iota subscript = , (comma)
**To create an iota subscript, type a comma after the vowel under which the iota subscript is to occur.

• Use this webpage to practice the indicative mood paradigms of the -ω conjugation by typing them in Greek.

• When the page opens, the cursor is automatically positioned in the first entry box (upper left corner). If that's where you want to begin typing, just start typing.

Hovering over the keyboard icon (top right of page) displays the keyboard layout for typing Greek.

• After typing a word, use the enter, tab, or down arrow key to move to the next entry box, whether the next entry box is to the right of or beneath the current one.

✓ A green check mark appears to the right of correct entries.

✗ A red X appears to the right of incorrect entries. You can attempt to correct an incorrect entry by retyping it, or you can click the red X to get the correct answer.

Each column has a Hints & Helps button. Hovering over a Hints & Helps button displays hints and helps for the words to be entered in that column.

or or Each column, section, and page has an Answers button. Left-clicking an Answers button shows the respective Greek words exactly as they must be typed in order to be marked correct. To be marked correct, a word must be spelled correctly but with no diacritic marks (accents, breathing marks, etc.) other than the iota subscript—iota subscripts must be included (by typing a comma). Right-clicking an Answers button shows the respective Greek words with all their diacritic marks. Use this option to practice or check pronunciation.

or or Each column, section, and page has a Reset button. Clicking a Reset button clears the respective entries and repositions the cursor to the first entry box of a column, section, or page.

• Checking the Keep Score checkbox (top right of page) clears all entries and repositions the cursor to the page's first entry box (upper left corner). As words are entered, individual scores are calculated for each section, and an overall score is calculated for the page. Unchecking the Keep Score checkbox turns off score keeping.

Hoovering over the Help button displays the help panel. If you want the help panel to remain open, click the Help button. Click it again to close the help panel.

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Present Tense Stem (1st Principal Part) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Primary Active Suffix: ω, εις, ει, μεν, τε, ουσι(ν)

Present

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Future Tense Stem (2nd Principal Part) +
•	Future Time Morpheme (σ) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Primary Active Suffix: ω, εις, ει, μεν, τε, ουσι(ν)
•	Except for the future time morpheme, the PAI and FAI paradigms are the same

Future

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment +
•	Present Tense Stem (1st Principal Part) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Secondary Active Suffix: ν, ς, (ν), μεν, τε, ν

Imperfect

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment +
•	Aorist Tense Stem (3rd Principal Part) +
•	Aoristic Aspect Morpheme (σα) +
•	Secondary Active Suffix: -, ς, (ν), μεν, τε, ν

1st Aorist

Paradigm Verb: λείπω
•	Augment +
•	Aorist Tense Stem (3rd Principal Part) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Secondary Active Suffix: ν, ς, (ν), μεν, τε, ν
•	The only difference between the 2AAI and the IAI is that the IAI uses the present tense stem and the 2AAI uses the aorist tense stem

2nd Aorist

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Reduplication +
•	Perfect Tense Stem (4th Principal Part) +
•	Perfective Aspect Morpheme (κα) - (second perfects do not have the κ as part of the perfective aspect morpheme) +
•	Primary Active Suffix: -, ς, (ν), μεν, τε, σι(ν)

Perfect

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment (optional) +
•	Reduplication +
•	Perfect Tense Stem (4th Principal Part) +
•	Perfective Aspect Morpheme + Connecting Vowels (κει) - (second pluperfects do not have the κ perfective aspect morpheme) +
•	Secondary Active Suffix: ν, ς, (ν), μεν, τε, σαν

Pluperfect

Middle

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Present Tense Stem (1st Principal Part) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Primary Middle/Passive Suffix: μαι, ῃ/σαι, ται, μεθα, σθε, νται

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Future Tense Stem (2nd Principal Part) +
•	Future Time Morpheme (σ) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Primary Middle/Passive Suffix: μαι, ῃ/σαι, ται, μεθα, σθε, νται
•	Except for the future time morpheme, the PMI and FMI paradigms are the same

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment +
•	Present Tense Stem (1st Principal Part) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Secondary Middle/Passive Suffix: μην, ου/σο, το, μεθα, σθε, ντο

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment +
•	Aorist Tense Stem (3rd Principal Part) +
•	Aoristic Aspect Morpheme (σα) +
•	Secondary Middle/Passive Suffix: μην, ου/σο, το, μεθα, σθε, ντο

Paradigm Verb: λείπω
•	Augment +
•	Aorist Tense Stem (3rd Principal Part) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Secondary Middle/Passive Suffix: μην, ου/σο, το, μεθα, σθε, ντο
•	The only difference between the 2AMI and the IMI is that the IMI uses the present tense stem and the 2AMI uses the aorist tense stem

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Reduplication +
•	Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem (5th Principal Part) +
•	Primary Middle/Passive Suffix: μαι, ῃ/σαι, ται, μεθα, σθε, νται

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment (optional) +
•	Reduplication +
•	Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem (5th Principal Part) +
•	Secondary Middle/Passive Suffix: μην, ου/σο, το, μεθα, σθε, ντο

Passive

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Present Tense Stem (1st Principal Part) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Primary Middle/Passive Suffix: μαι, ῃ/σαι, ται, μεθα, σθε, νται
•	The PMI and PPI are identical in form

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Aorist Passive Tense Stem (no augment / 6th Principal Part) +
•	Passive Voice Morpheme (θη) +
•	Future Time Morpheme (σ) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Primary Middle/Passive Suffix: μαι, ῃ/σαι, ται, μεθα, σθε, νται

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment +
•	Present Tense Stem (1st Principal Part) +
•	Connecting Vowel (ο before μ and ν, ε otherwise) +
•	Secondary Middle/Passive Suffix: μην, ου/σο, το, μεθα, σθε, ντο
•	The IMI and IPI are identical in form

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment +
•	Aorist Passive Tense Stem (6th Principal Part) +
•	Passive Voice Morpheme (θη) +
•	Secondary Active Suffix: ν, ς, -, μεν, τε, σαν

Paradigm Verb: γράφω
•	Augment +
•	Aorist Passive Tense Stem (6th Principal Part) +
•	Passive Voice Morpheme (η) +
•	Secondary Active Suffix: ν, ς, -, μεν, τε, σαν

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Reduplication +
•	Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem (5th Principal Part) +
•	Primary Middle/Passive Suffix: μαι, ῃ/σαι, ται, μεθα, σθε, νται
•	The RMI and RPI are identical in form

Paradigm Verb: λύω
•	Augment (optional) +
•	Reduplication +
•	Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem (5th Principal Part) +
•	Secondary Middle/Passive Suffix: μην, ου/σο, το, μεθα, σθε, ντο
•	The pluperfect middle indicative and pluperfect passive indicative are identical in form