Greek Article & Noun Practice

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α = A	ζ = Z	λ = L	π = P	υ = U
β = B	η = H	μ = M	ρ = R	φ = F
γ = G	θ = Q	ν = N	σ = S	χ = C
δ = D	ι = I	ξ = X	ς = J	ψ = Y
ε = E	κ = K	ο = O	τ = T	ω = W

iota subscript = , (comma)
**To create an iota subscript, type a comma after the vowel under which the iota subscript is to occur.

rough breathing = ( (left/open parenthesis)
**To create a rough breathing mark, type a left/open parenthesis after the vowel over which the rough breathing mark is to occur.

• Use this webpage to practice the article and noun paradigms by typing them in Greek.

• When the page opens, the cursor is automatically positioned in the first entry box (upper left corner). If that's where you want to begin typing, just start typing.

Hovering over the keyboard icon (top right of page) displays the keyboard layout for typing Greek.

• After typing a word, use the enter, tab, or down arrow key to move to the next entry box, whether the next entry box is to the right of or beneath the current one.

✓ A green check mark appears to the right of correct entries.

✗ A red X appears to the right of incorrect entries. You can attempt to correct an incorrect entry by retyping it, or you can click the red X to get the correct answer.

Each column (or set of columns for the article) has a Hints & Helps button. Hovering over a Hints & Helps button displays hints and helps for the words to be entered in that column (or set of columns).

or or Each column, section, and page has an Answers button. Left-clicking an Answers button shows the respective Greek words exactly as they must be typed in order to be marked correct. To be marked correct, a word must be spelled correctly but with no diacritic marks (accents, breathing marks, etc.) other than the iota subscript, which must be included wherever it occurs, and the rough breathing with articles. Right-clicking an Answers button shows the respective Greek words with all their diacritic marks. Use this option to practice or check pronunciation.

or or Each column, section, and page has a Reset button. Clicking a Reset button clears the respective entries and repositions the cursor to the first entry box of a column, section, or page.

• Checking the Keep Score checkbox (top right of page) clears all entries and repositions the cursor to the page's first entry box (upper left corner). As words are entered, individual scores are calculated for each section, and an overall score is calculated for the page. Unchecking the Keep Score checkbox turns off score keeping.

Hoovering over the Help button displays the help panel. If you want the help panel to remain open, click the Help button. Click it again to close the help panel.

Article

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The Article (masculine, feminine, neuter)
•	Breathing marks and iota subscripts (but not accents) must be typed

Paradigm Noun: ἡμέρα
•	If the stem ends in ε, ι or ρ then the α of of the nominative singular is retained throughout the declension
•	The plural endings are the same as the feminine plural article endings
•	Endings: α, ας, ᾳ, αν, αι, ων, αις, ας

First Declension

Paradigm Noun: δόξα
•	If the stem ends in ζ, ς, ξ or ψ then the α of the nominative singular lengthens to η in the genitive and dative singular
•	The plural endings are the same as the feminine plural article endings
•	Endings: α, ης, ῃ, αν, αι, ων, αις, ας

Paradigm Noun: φωνή
•	If the stem ends in something other than ε, ι, ρ or a sibilant then the η of the nominative singular is retained throughout the singular.
•	The plural endings are the same as the feminine plural article endings
•	Endings: η, ης, ῃ, ην, αι, ων, αις, ας

Paradigm Noun: μαθητής
•	If the stem ends in something other than ε, ι, ρ or a sibilant then the η of the nominative singular is retained throughout the singular.
•	The genitive singular ending (ου) of the masculine nouns was borrowed from the second declension to distinguish the genitive from the nominative.
•	The plural endings are the same as the feminine plural article endings
•	Endings: ης, ου, ῃ, ην, αι, ων, αις, ας

Paradigm Noun: νεανίας
•	If the stem ends in ε, ι or ρ then the α of of the nominative singular is retained throughout the declension
•	The genitive singular ending (ου) of the masculine nouns was borrowed from the second declension to distinguish the genitive from the nominative.
•	The plural endings are the same as the feminine plural article endings
•	Endings: ας, ου, ᾳ, αν, αι, ων, αις, ας

Second Declension

Third Declension

Paradigm Noun: ἄνθρωπος
•	Except for the ος ending of the nominative singular, the endings are the same as the masculine article endings
•	Endings: ος, ου, ῳ, ον, οι, ων, οις, ους

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Paradigm Noun: δῶρον
•	The nominative and accusative forms are identical in both the singular and plural.
•	The genitive and dative neuter endings are the same as the genitive and dative masculine endings.
•	Endings: ον, ου, ῳ, ον, α, ων, οις, α

Paradigm Noun: σῶμα
•	stem: σωματ
•	The genitive and dative neuter endings are the same as the genitive and dative masculine endings.
•	When σι(ν) is added to the stem to form the dative plural, the same modifications occur as in the formation of the future tense: τ, δ, θ + σι(ν) = σι(ν)
•	Endings: -, ος, ι, -, α, ων, σι(ν), α

Paradigm Noun: σάρξ
•	Stem: σαρκ
•	When σι(ν) is added to the stem to form the dative plural, the same modifications occur as in the formation of the future tense: κ, γ, χ + σι(ν) = ξι(ν)
•	Endings: -, ος, ι, α, ες, ων, σι(ν), ας

Paradigm Noun: ἄρχων
•	Stem: ἀρχοντ
•	When σι(ν) is added to the stem to form the dative plural, stems ending in αντ, εντ or οντ drop the ντ and lengthen the remaining stem vowel: οντ + σι(ν) = ουσι(ν)
•	Endings: -, ος, ι, α, ες, ων, σι(ν), ας

Paradigm Noun: γένος
•	Stem: γενεσ
•	When σι(ν) is added to the stem to form the dative plural, stems ending in σ simplify to a single σ: σ + σι(ν) = σι(ν)
•	Endings: -, ος, ι, -, α, ων, σι(ν), α

Paradigm Noun: βασιλεύς
•	Stem: βασιλευ
•	All words in this category are masculine
•	Endings: ς, ος, ι, α, ες, ων, σι(ν), ες

Paradigm Noun: πόλις
•	Stem: πολι
•	Endings: ς, ος, ι, ν, ες, ων, σι(ν), ες